The conflict involving the United States, Israel and Iran continues to reshape security across the Middle East months after US and Israeli attacks on Iran triggered a wider confrontation.

Diplomatic efforts have repeatedly struggled to achieve a lasting ceasefire. The conflict has affected Iran and Lebanon, disrupted global energy supplies and contributed to wider military and economic instability across the region.

The consequences now extend well beyond the original battlefield. Military escalation, sanctions, blockades and retaliatory attacks have placed additional pressure on civilians and regional economies while increasing the danger of another expansion of the war.

Continued reliance on military pressure by Washington and its allies has so far failed to deliver a durable political settlement, leaving the region facing continued uncertainty and instability.